REVIEW PAPER
Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. Evaluation and treatment of undescended testicle
1
Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Submission date: 2019-12-11
Final revision date: 2020-02-12
Acceptance date: 2020-02-13
Publication date: 2020-03-31
Pediatr Pol 2020;95(1):37-43
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Cryptorchidism – the absence of one or both testes in the normal scrotal position – is the most common birth defect of the male genitalia. In full-term newborn boys its incidence is estimated at 2–5%. During the first three months of life, in half of these boys the testicles will descend spontaneously into the scrotum, but at the end of the first year of life 1% of boys will have cryptorchidism. Among boys born prematurely, about 30% of them have undescended testicles at birth, but also in such cases approximately 80% of undescended testes descend by the third month of life. The authors discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, aetiology, and treatment of undescended testicle in boys.
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